Amines, diamines and cyclic organic nitrogen compounds (2023)

FAQs

Is amines and nitrogen compounds same? ›

The addition of nitrogen into an organic framework leads to two families of molecules. Compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded in a hydrocarbon framework are classified as amines. Compounds that have a nitrogen atom bonded to one side of a carbonyl group are classified as amides.

One of the largest classes of organic nitrogen containing molecules is the amines. They are compounds which can be thought of as derivatives of ammonia, NH₃. Amines are typically identified by the number of alkyl (carbon) groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Examples of cyclic tertiary amines that have the potential for forming reactive iminium intermediates include the piperazines, piperidines, 4-hydroxypiperidines, 4-fluoropiperidines and related compounds, pyrrolidines and N-alkyltetrahydroquinolines.

An amine is generally a functional group with a nitrogen atom having a lone pair. Amines resemble ammonia structurally where nitrogen can bond up to 3 hydrogen atoms. It is also characterized by various properties that are based on carbon connectivity.

Nitrogen forms many thousands of organic compounds. Most of the known varieties may be regarded as derived from ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen, and nitrous or nitric acid.

Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on whether one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia have been replaced by organic groups. In chemical notation these three classes are represented as RNH₂, R₂NH, and R₃N, respectively.

Amino acids, nucleic acids, and nucleobases are key biological nitrogen compounds.

Common examples of amines include amino acids, trimethylamine, and aniline. Meanwhile, inorganic ammonia compounds such as monochloramine (NClH₂) are also called amines. Amines naturally occur in hormones, vitamins, proteins, etc.

Organic Nitrogen Compounds

They include, for example, amines, amides, alkyl nitrates, nitrosamines, nitroarenes, and peroxyacyl nitrates.

What is meant by cyclic amine? ›

Cyclic amines and cyclic sulfides represent two large families of monomers. The variety of structures, and hence variety of physical properties of the corresponding polymers, stems from the variation of ring size and from the possibility of placing one or more substituents on the heterocycle.

It is commonly known as aniline which is also an accepted IUPAC name. When we name arylamines according to the guidelines given by IUPAC then 'e' of the arene is replaced by amine for example C₆H₅-NH₂ is named as benzenamine.

Amines participate in important metabolic and physiological functions in living organisms. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation, growth, renewal, and metabolism. They are involved in nearly every step of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, and regulate the permeability and stability of cellular membranes.

Biogenic amines play an essential role in cell membrane stabilization, immune functions, and prevention of chronic diseases, as they participate in the nucleic acid and protein synthesis [14].

Nitrogen is an essential element for all forms of life and is the structural component of amino acids from which animal and human tissues, enzymes, and many hormones are made. For plant growth, available (fixed) nitrogen is usually the limiting nutrient in natural systems.

Microbially-driven processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, constitute the bulk of nitrogen transformations, and play a critical role in the fate of nitrogen in the Earth's ecosystems.

This process is called nitrification. Compounds such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and ammonium can be taken up from soils by plants and then used in the formation of plant and animal proteins. An interactive showing the main components of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.

Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere: (1) nitrogen fixation, (2) decay, (3) nitrification, and (4) denitrification.

Amine functional groups are found in a wide variety of compounds, including natural and synthetic dyes, polymers, vitamins, and medications such as penicillin and codeine. They are also found in many molecules essential to life, such as amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA.

: any of a class of basic organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of hydrogen with one or more monovalent hydrocarbon radicals compare amide sense 2.

What are natural sources of amines? ›

Aliphatic amines occur in nature, principally as products of the putrefaction of protein material, but they are also present in living tissue (e.g., histamine, a cyclic aliphatic amine). The methylamines occur in small amounts in some plants.

Organic compounds essential to human functioning include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. These compounds are said to be organic because they contain both carbon and hydrogen.

Nitrogen is a component of amino acids and urea. Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins.

High amine food and drink includes avocado, sausages, meat pies and fruit juice. Examples of low amine food include eggs, non-cured meat and mild-tasting dairy products.

These amines by themselves are not very harmful at typical concentrations that might occur, for example, near power plants. However, the amines could take part in complex chemical reactions and form new compounds such as nitrosamines and nitramines, which can affect health and the environment.

Caffeine is built up of two carbonyl groups and 4 tertiary amines. Both caffeine and theobromine also include an amide group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bound to a C atom and a N atom, and an alkene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

The amine smell is instantly recognizable, fishy and penetrating, in the same way that sulfur smells are also easy to pick out (rotten egg/skunk/burning rubber and worse).

The richest organic sources of nitrogen are manures, ground-up animal parts (blood meal, feather dust, leather dust) and seed meals (soybean meal, cottonseed meal).

compounds that contain a nitrogen atom. All organic nitrogen-containing compounds can be considered as derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by hydrocarbon radicals. Of particular interest in this group are α-amino acids and their peptide and protein derivatives.

The most common symptoms experienced by those sensitive to amines are recurrent eczema and hives, headaches or migraines, sinus trouble, mouth ulcers, fatigue (frequently feeling rundown and tired for no apparent reason), nausea, stomach pains, joint pain that is undiagnosed and digestive issues.

Do bananas contain amines? ›

Banana contains several bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, biogenic amines and phytosterols, which are highly desirable in the diet as they exert many positive effects on human health and well-being.

​ Sweet Potato is likely suitable for a low histamine diet. Sweet Potato is likely low in histamine and other amines and does not trigger release of the body's natural histamine.

Further, a large number of pharmacologically active natural and synthetic cyclic amines are in regular clinical use (Figure 3) [9]. They have been utilized as antibiotics, anticancer, analgesics, antidepressants, anti-HIV, anti-HCV agents, etc.

A cyclic organic compound containing all carbon atoms in ring formation is designated as a carbocyclic compound, while the cyclic compounds consisting of at least one hetero (i.e., noncarbon) atom in the ring are known as heterocyclic compounds.

Cyclic amines

In terms of naming they adopt the prefix “cyclo” prior to “propane”, “butane” and so on. Examples can be found in the table below. If a hydrogen atom is replaced by an amino group, -NH₂ then the name changes to reflect this by the use of the suffix “amine”.

They are one of the most prevalent structures found in medicines today. More than 40 percent of drugs and drug candidates contain amines, and 60 percent of those amines are tertiary, so named for the three carbons that are bonded to a nitrogen.

Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine ( NClH ₂). The substituent −NH ₂ is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, thus having the structure R−CO−NR′R″, are called amides and have different chemical properties from amines.

As the number of chlorine atom increases, due to -I effect the basicity of amine decreases. thus CH3−NH2 is most basic amine and CCl3−NH2 is least basic amine.

Amines have powerful biological functions. Many amines act as neurotransmitter and psychoactive drugs. These molecules generally produce their effects by affecting brain chemistry, which in turn may cause changes in a person's mood, thinking, perception, and/or behavior.

Amines are frequently used in morphine and Demerol which are popular pain killers. Amines are also used as solvents for antihistamine diphenhydramine which are used in Benadryl syrups. Novocaine is one drug used as an anaesthetic which is hugely dependent on amines.

What is the difference between amine and amine? ›

Difference between Amine and Imine

An amine is a functional group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. An imine is a functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Nitrogen is linked with either hydrogen or a carbon atom. 2.

These amines and toxins can trigger neurotransmitter sites in the brain to malfunction causing feelings of excessive tiredness, depression, anxiety and/or panic attacks.

Amines are harmless for most people, however when consumed in excess or by people sensitive to amines, they can cause a range of symptoms. Amines can cause an increase in cardiac output and constriction of blood vessels in the head which can cause migraines.

Removing the α-amino group is essential for producing energy from any amino acid, and is an obligatory step in the catabolism of all amino acids. Once removed, this nitrogen can be incorporated into other compounds or excreted as urea, with the carbon skeletons being metabolized.

Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere. It involves several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, decay and putrefaction.

What Exactly Is the Nitrogen Cycle? The nitrogen cycle is a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen moves through both living and non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals and bacteria. In order to move through the different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms.

In water, the most common inorganic nitrogen compounds are ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate. In some cases, when the contamination is produced by inorganic fertilizers or by some industrial processes, significant amounts of nitrites and nitrates can be found (Cárdenas and Sánchez, 2013).

Amines are molecules that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. The nitrogen atom in an amine has a lone pair of electrons and three bonds to other atoms, either carbon or hydrogen.

Medical Definition

amine. noun. ə-ˈmēn ˈam-ˌēn. : any of a class of organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of one, two, or three hydrogen atoms with alkyl groups see primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine.

What are some types of amines? ›

Hormonal Amines

Within the nervous system they are important neurotransmitters; outside the nervous system the cells that produce them are modified post-synaptic neurons (e.g., adrenal medulla), blood-derived cells (e.g., basophils, mast cells), or APUD² cells (e.g., enterochromaffin cells).

Only primary amines liberate nitrogen gas on reaction with nitrous acid.